Projectile.



I. 0. HOAGLAND.

PROJEGTILE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24, 1913.

Patented- Mar. 24, 1914 IIIIIIIIflI/IIII I C wl'l'nefiflfl: In venl'or: Frank 0 Haayland, .By I: is filth,

UNITED STATES PATEN FRANK o. HOAGLAND, or snmenron'r, connnc'rrcu'r, Assrenon r0 UNION. METALLIC CARTRIDGE COMPANY, or BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, aconronarronor CON- NEc'rIoU'r.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FRANK O. HOAGLA'ND,

a citizen of the. United States, residing in Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Projectiles,

of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to projectiles of the general class known as expanding bullets, y

also sometimes designated as mushrooming bullets,-and relates especially to such projectiles for use in small-arms.

A principal object of my present invenmy present improvements as applied in a preferred form thereof to a small-arms projectile of a well. -kn0wn elongated and pointed style or form usually made in sizes ranging between two-tenths and four-tenths of an inch inj diameter.

- In the drawing, Figure 1 is a sideview, on

an enlarged scale, of a projectile made in accordance with 'my present invention and having the mult-i-part core-casing. Fig'. 2 is a sectional side view, and is drawn in alinement with Fig. 1, to facilitate comparison-therewith. Fig; 2 is an end view drawn in alinement with Fig. 2, and showing the projectile as seen from the right-hand in Figs. 1, 2 and 6. .Fig. 3 is a sectional side view similar to Fig. 2 but; drawn as a diagram, for illustrating in an approximate manner an early stage in the operation of the projectile or bullet, when subjected to initial expansion by'striking'a yielding but resistant object or target. Fig. 4 is a similar diagrammatic view for illustrating a later stage of the -operation whereby the.

elongated core is reformed into a broadened bullet-head. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view in line YY of'Fig. 3, of the main corecase, which is designated in a general way by H. Fig. 6 is an enlarged diagrammatic side view for more fully illustrating the invention, and especially the character and re lations (if-the combined deformation-limiter and coremetal support which, in the pre- Specification of Letters Patent.

, in all the views.

rno'ancprrw.

Patented Mar. 24,1914.

v Application filed November-2 4, 1913. Serial No. 302,314.

ferred form thereof herein shown, is designated in a general way by J.

Similar characters designate like parts Heretofore' in this art, bullets of an elongated form 1 have sometimes been so made as to be crushable at the point-end, and

regular manner, by the. so-called mushrooming action, but without" a substantial reformation to a larger size, and 'yvithouteliminating or sufliciently reducingthe normal tendency, which is particularly serious when using high-power .exp1osives,'of the crushmg-actiorito break up and scatter the core-metal. It is, therefore, an object-of my present improvements to avoid those objectionable results,,by furnishing a projectile construction, as hereinafter more fully ex-. plained, whereby the rearward part of the core-metal may flow forwardly durin the period of target-resistance, out. pf the asetube portion of a main core case and become .joined and incorporated with'the more forward portion of the core-metal andthereby reform or reshape the core,'-by a method essentially reconstructive as distinguished from the former destructive action,-into a relatively compact and tenacious mass or bullet-head of a much larger diameter and located forwardly of the base-tube.

The shell or jacket H of the projectile or bullet, herein designated as the main core-casing, consists of a suitable tube preferably shaped at its forward end to receive a point-case, as P, and preferably provided at its rearward end with an inte al'head as k," in some instances however, this disk or head, 72., may be omitted. The jacket or casing H may be made of various materials,- and produced by turning or drawing processes, as desired,-but I may use as a material therefor any suitablemetal or alloy.

- v The forward end, as 2, of the jacket H is preferably reduced in diameter to interlock the jacket with core 0, and also to receive thereon the rearward edge 3 of the pointcase I, which is shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 6 fitting closely upon .said'reduced end-portion'2 of thejacket. This over-lapping zone of the core-inclosing members H and P,

may, in practice, be located substantially midway of the pointed portion of the bullet these being about the proportions selecte for illustration herein. This arrangement thus become distorted in an erraticand irof said over-lapping members is found in practice to eflect a suitable apportionment of the core-metal quantities, as regards the expandin operation when the projectile strikes eit er a yielding or a highly resistant object or target. This arrangement also provides for a longitudinal movement. or telescoping action of the members H and P. (each relatively to the other, on the begin ning of the flowage of any part of the core metal within said member P,) and therefore provides for an instant and a proper mode of action directly the point of the bullet meets with any considerable resistance, as more fully described in my coending application, Serial Number 779,65 filed July 18, 1913, my present invention being in some respects in the nature of an improvement on and applicable to the construction-set forth and claimed in my said prior application.

The point-case member P may usually be made thinner than the tube or shell H, and

of a relatively ductile material, since inthe final operation, it is deemed to be desirable for the expansion to begin in this cap piece P, before the open forward end, 2, of the.

pointtube t shall begin to give way. The member P, in the form thereof which I prefer, may have one or more indented parts, as 5, forming retaining points which, by extending into the core-metal, hold together the point-case P and the core C,-see Figs. 1, 2 and 2 ,without any direct attachment or interlocking of the memberfH with the member P.

The forward open end, 2, Fig. 2, of the I main core-case H being fitted closely within the rearward end 3 of the point-case P, when the projectile is going at high velocity and the point 4 meets anyconsiderable resistance, the said jacket end 2 operates within the point-case and at first, after the'man-- ner of a piston, and thus tends to force the flowable-metal, at a, in the point P, forward and outwardly. Also, and at the same 7 time, the forward outer' zone at 2 of the point-tube t of the jacket, especially when made somewhat tapering as illustrated, naturally operates as a wedge to assist in effecting or inaugurating an initial expansive movement in the rearward part of the said point-case. These initial features of the expansion and re-forming operation, tend to open out the point-case approximately after the manner indicated in the diagram, Fig. 3, and thereby form an annular outlet at 7, through which the. inner metal may begin to flow out, and thus permit a continuance (under a reducing projectilefspeed) of the forward movement of the jacket H during the upsetting of the point case by the resistance at 4. Thus, at this early stage of the operation, the metal in the core-point, c", isresisted from the front by the crushing in of the point 4 of the point-case, while hefilled jacket H. During this time, as will.

now be evident, the point-case will normally be rapidly expanded in advance of the expansion of the main core-casing H, into a broader cup-shape,-or umbrella form about as indicated by Fig. 4,-while the jacket itself israpidly retarded in velocity. But the jacket being of. relatively stable metal, while its core C is relatively mobile or fluid in character (after the manner of lead or soft alloys), this core C tends to continue its forward -movement, and so flows forward and outward around the reforming jacket-end, to thus form a substantially en'- larged bullet-head about such, for instance, as described in connection with Figs. 3 and 4. The said point-case P, is thus reformed by the opposing forces and the flowing coremetal, into a guide-cup,as P, Fig. 3,of relatively shallow form and enlarged size. The flowing stream of metal normally attains great force during the medial stage of the expanding operation (Fig. 3), with the result that after this operation is well advanced, the forward end of the pointtube itself naturally turns outwardly and ',then will be curled or turned backwardly (see 2*, Fig. 4), thereby forming an en larged forward end on the jacket H for assisting in maintaining the re-formed coremetal in a compact mass, while this is driven forward by the combined force or momentum of that mass and of the core-casing H.

In applying my present improvements to the particular kind of expandible projectile shown in the drawing, I prefer to make such a reduction in diameter ofthe forward end of the main core-case H, as will-bring the cross-sectional area at the.telescoping zone at 2, to a substantially smaller size, prefer- I ably about one-half of the area of the base portion of said main-core casing. These are, however, only approximate proportions, and. when taken in connection with the substantially conical construction of the telescoping portions of said members H and P, are foundfin practice, to give a suitable initial resistance to deformation of the member H relatively to the point portion of the projectile.

My presentimprovements relate more especially to means for the regulation, and

limitation, of the extent of the deformation,-or outward and backward turning,- of the deformable wall t, which after this operation has a form analogous to the curved parts 2*, Fig. 4. This object I accomplish I by the provision of the feature which I have designated as the limiter, or deformation-limiter, and by certain combinations therewith. Forconvenience in explaining those features, in Fig. 6 the projectile is shown divided into base-zone B, mid-zone M, and point-zone N, as indicated .by the lines'tlfl, 12 14 and The rearwardpart t of the core-casing is in the zone B. and is the basetube-; the forward part t of the main-core-casing vH. is inthe mid-zone M,

. 5 and is the point-tube7; and' 'the .point-- .6, may be formed or fixedly applied within the, tube H, and be located at that point in o the length of said tube to which thedeformation or turning. back of this tube, should be limited. In practice I find the preferable location to be adjacent to the beginning of the point-curve of the projectile, as well shown for instance, in. Fig. 6 where said point-curve extends from the line 12';t0 the point-4. When the several. parts are thus organized, the tube-zone, or base-tube, B,is

and at its forward end by t e said reinforcement at J, andthus normally-has an increased stability as compared with the tube-length, or zone M, as regards the power .of the flowing core-metal to deform the tube during the stopping of the projectile by impact witha target; this action being herein designated as target-resistance.

' In some cases an opening as indicated at d, Fig. 6, may be made in the. head it, and this opening may be of any desired diameter relatively to the inside diameter of base-tube t in the zone B; when this construction is adopted, and the limiter J has a rearward face, as '1', Fig. 6, this face operates,,as will be evident, to resist any tendency to forward movement of the core-metal within the tube or casing, as might otherwise be produced by the direct pressure of the. pow- 4 Where the walls t'- and t, join in and make up the limiter J, the narrow zone, as D, Fig.

I56 6,Imay be said to constitutes. structural element-connecting the base-tube t with the deformabletube t, and to also constitute the limiter-member, which is, therefore, in this instance, of the nature of a connecting ex-- ea tension of the relatively thick wall t, as well as an annular reinforcement of the rearward edge, .f, Fig. 6, of therelatively thin wall t. In! this organization of the several "details,

' said connecting zone .D- has the inner ta i so shaped and located as to operate strengthened at its rear end b the head h,

der or usual wadon the rear end of the core In the organization here (1 cribed, a fur after the manner of. a shoulder or abutment against which the core-metal in the zone M will be supported during'the acceleration of the rojectile when thls. is shotfrom the .gunarrel, and which during the reformmg action supports a circumferential portion of the core-metal-in opposition to the pressure applied by a target to the point of the projectile; thus the limiter-zoneD has a plurality of features and at successive times has different and varying functions. On the wall t being turned back (as explained inconnection with Fig. 4), by the out-spreadingaction, the bends -2 may continue turnin 'backwardly until they reachthe limiter g, which, by its increased sta-v bility, interrupts such turning back operation and so llmits the same to a definite location. Y

As will be seen by comparing Figs. 3 and 4 as these views are herein described, the

normally non-expandible base-tube t and the expandible point-tube t. are joined with a junction-structure which is located in the zone D (Fig. 6) and is provided with an outwardly extendingface as f,-which is preferably also a forwardly extending face,that is, during the early stages of the point-tube expansion, supportive of the outer portion of the core-metal which is within the point-tube, (as against the action of target-resistance), and that during the later stage of such expansion forms a kind of guide-face for the core-metal flowing forwardly and outwardly from within the basetube t, into the enlarged and reformed projectile head indicated in 4. During these operations -as also in icated in said v1ews,the\ expandible point-tube t is first deformed (asa-point-tube) and is then converted or reformed into a supporting-base for the enlarged head of the expanded projectile; and when these operations are fully carried out, the said supportive face f, (as approximately indicated in Fig. 4), nor mally forms an inner zone of such supporting-base, as 2*. In Fig. 6, the described supportive action of the, said face or abutment at f, is diagrammatically indicated by the dotted lines S, which illustrate how the lines of resistant force ma for the moment, form or arch over wit in the core-metal when the rojectile meets target resistance, and thered y cooperate in the expansion and reforming of the point-tube from its initial and ap proximately conical form' in Fig. 3 into the supporting-base of much larger diameter and of the described umbrella form.

In the operation of re-forming the projectile, this is accomplished -as will now be evident, -by the direct-action of the targetresistance (this being applied mainly in a direction longitudinally of the core) combined with the outwardly-acting flowagepressure of the core-metal within the pointtube, this pressure. being, of course, developed by the target-resistance in proportion to the momentum and rate of retardation. -The'se force's operate within and relatively to the point-tube which,for this purpose,should have a metal-status or character made'up of, or comprising, the features of shape, size and ductility or temper, and be so proportioned that the outspreading action extends initially around the circumference of the tube while beginning at its forward end, and thence proceeds in a progressive manner toward the basetube. Thus the core-case is reformed for supporting the re-formed core-metal, while the core itself,including that part of it within the base-tube,is simultaneously reformed into a bullet-head of larger diameter located forwardl of the base tube, and supported by the original point tube now out-spread as a backing therefor. In practice the metal-status and the'proper proportioning of the point-tube may be readily ascertained and brought toa proper relation by the usual methods of trial and measurement, having in view the size and weight of the projectiles and the powder pressures and ranges to be employed in any given instance.

During the time while the core' metal flows forwardly out of the base-tube t, (see Fig. 4) the metal between the then reforming forward partof the main core-case, (as indicated at v, '0, Fig. 4) and the spread-out point-capI 3-, will be rapidly flowing outwardly while integrally connected with the core-metal that is moving forwardly within and relatively to the said base-tube 6', so that while the rearward part of the coremetal is normally carried forward by its own momentum it is also being drawn forward (by means of said integral connection) by the pull of the said outwardly moving core-metal in the annular zone 1), 4;; thus the continuity of the core-metal ina single elongated core cooperates with other features, (during the rapid retardation of. the projectile by target-res1stance,) in securing the complete and proper reformation of the small-diameter small-arms projectile into the nlarged form as herein set forth. And in this re-forming or re-construction of the elongated core into a broadened bullet-head, metal-is supplied to the forming head at the rearward side thereof by drawing such supply from within the rearward part of the core-case,this action normally occurring during the later stage of the out-spreading of the point-portion of the main core-casing, from the form, at t, Fig. 3, to a form as approximately'indicated at 2*, 2, Fig. 4.

Having thus described my invention, I

,1. In an expandible projectile having a soft-metal core with an elongated core-point,

the combination with the core,- of a tubular core-case comprising a base-tube and a pointtube having the forward end thereof extending over the rearward portion only of the core-point and having its forward portion arranged and adapted for re-formation by being turned outwardly and backwardly during the deformation of the projectile by target resistance, and said base-tube and point-tube being integrally united adjacent to the rearward end of the core-point and there provided-with a deformation-limiter whereby to restrict the said re-formation of the core-case to the point-tube portion thereof.

2. An expandible projectile having an elongated soft-metal core, and having a maincore-casing comprising a normally non-expanding base-tube and an expandible tending outwardly to the point-tube "wall,

and supportive of the outer portion of the core-metal which is within the point-tube,

and a core-pointtextending forward of the point-tube.

'4. An expandible projectile having an elongated soft-metal core, and having amain' core-casing comprising a normally non-expanding base-tube and an expandible point-tube joinedwith the base-tube with a junction-structure provided. with a face extending outwardly to the point-tube wall and supportive of the outer portion of the core-metal. which is within the point-tube, and a point-cap on the core-point forward of the point-tube.

5. An expandible projectile having an elongated soft-metal core, and having a main core-casing comprising a' normally non-expanding base-tube and an exp'andible point-tube joined with the base-tube with a junction-structure provided with a face extending outwardly to the point-tube wall,

and supportive" of the outer portion of the core-metal which is within the point-tube, and apoint-cap on the core-point forward of the'point-tube and extending rearwardly oultside of the forward end of the pointtu e.

6. An expandible projectile having an elongated soft-metal core, and having a main core-casingv comprising a normally non-expanding base-tube and an expandible point-tube joined with the base-tube with a junction-structure constituting a deformation-limiter for the point-tube, and provided with a face extending outwardly to the point-tube wall, and supportive of the outer portion of the core-metal which. is within the point-tube, and a core-point extending forward of the point-tube.-

7. An expandible projectile having a an elongated soft-metal core,f and having a main core-casing comprising a normally non-expanding base-tube and an expandible point-tube joined with the base-tube with a junction-structure constituting a deformation-limiter for the point-tube and provided with a face, as f, extending. outwardly and forwardly to the point-tube wall, and supportive of the outer portion of the coremetal which is Within the point-tube, and

a point-cap onthe core-point forward of the pointtube.- v v 8. An expandible projectile having an elongated soft-metal core, and having a main corecasing comprising a normally non-expanding base-tube and anexpandible point-tube joined with the base-tube with a junctionstructure constituting a deformation-limiter for the point-tube and provided with a face, as 7, extending outwardly and forwardly to the point-tube wall, and supportive of the outer portion of the core-metal which is within the point-tube, and a point-cap on the core-point forward of the point-tube and extending rearwardly outside of the forward end of the point-tube.

9. An expandible projectile having an elongated core of a metal flowable under target-resistance, and having a tubular main core-case of more resistant metal and comprising a normally nonexpandible basetube integrally connected by a junctionstructure substantially such as J, with a point-tube having a reducing diameter forwardly from the base-tube and having the forward end thereof of a metal-status and proportioned and adapted for out-spreading around itscircumference and from a beginning at its forward end, and thence progressively toward the base-tube, when subjected to target-resistance and to the core-metal flowage-pressure resulting therefrom, and thereby reform'the core-case for zone constituting a limiting means whereby to regulate and restrict the reformation of the said forward zone during the expanding of the projectile by the target resistance, substantially as described.

FRANK O. HOAGLAND. Witnesses:

G. F. LINDSAY, AUSTIN J. Bnurr. 

